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Abstract: Despite growing global awareness of environmental sustainability, waste management systems in many countries remain inefficient and resistant to transformation. This study analyzes the key barriers that hinder the modernization of waste management systems worldwide. Using a structured qualitative approach, the research categorizes institutional, economic, technological, social, and policy-related constraints that prevent effective implementation of sustainable waste management practices. The findings demonstrate that systemic governance failures, insufficient financing mechanisms, limited infrastructure, weak public participation, and underdeveloped secondary material markets collectively reinforce disposal-oriented models. The study concludes that overcoming these barriers requires integrated policy frameworks, long-term planning, and alignment with circular economy principles.References
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