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Abstract
Abstract: Atmospheric air pollution is one of the most pressing environmental and medical problems of the modern era. Fine particulate matter, particularly PM2.5, penetrates deeply into the human body and adversely affects not only the respiratory system but also the central organs of the immune system. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of dystrophic and necrobiotic changes occurring in splenic tissue under the influence of atmospheric air pollution. Based on morphological, histopathological, and immunomorphological data, cellular degeneration, microcirculatory disturbances, damage to lymphoid tissue, and intensification of apoptotic and necrotic processes in the spleen are described. The findings emphasize the importance of understanding the mechanisms by which air pollution affects immune organs and substantiate the need for preventive and hygienic measures to protect public health.
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