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Abstract
Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a heterogeneous degenerative joint disease characterized by multiple clinical, molecular, and imaging‑based phenotypes. This article integrates findings from a dissertation cohort with recent international studies to propose a clinically meaningful phenotype‑based approach. The major phenotypes identified include inflammatory, metabolic, biomechanical, pain‑sensitization, and post‑menopausal OA. We describe clinical, biochemical, and structural characteristics of each phenotype and propose specific therapeutic targets. Phenotyping enables individualized treatment, improved prognosis, and more efficient selection of disease‑modifying interventions.References
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