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Abstract
Annotation: This article examines the role and importance of probability theory in modern economics. The study analyzes the application of probabilistic methods in economic forecasting, financial analysis, banking systems, insurance activities, and investment decision-making. Special attention is paid to the concepts of mathematical expectation and variance in assessing economic risks and uncertainties. The article also discusses the practical significance of probability theory in improving the accuracy of economic predictions and supporting effective management decisions under conditions of market instability. It is concluded that probability theory has become one of the essential mathematical tools in the development of contemporary economic science.
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