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Abstract
Abstract: Osteoarthritis is one of the most common chronic joint diseases, characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration, subchondral bone changes, and loss of joint function. This disease primarily affects load-bearing joints such as the knees and hips, leading to pain, stiffness, decreased mobility, and ultimately to a significant reduction in the patient’s quality of life. Osteoarthritis is a multifactorial disease involving aging, genetic predisposition, obesity, joint injury, and repetitive mechanical stress. As the pathology advances, conservative treatments such as physical therapy, pharmacological interventions, and intra-articular injections become less effective at managing pain and disability.
References
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