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Abstract
This article explores the historical evolution, linguistic transformations, and mutual influences of the Roman and Germanic languages from their Indo-European origins to their modern descendants. It aims to trace the complex interactions between phonological, morphological, and semantic systems that shaped the development of these two major branches of the Indo-European family. Using comparative linguistic and historical analysis, the paper identifies the sociocultural, political, and geographical factors that contributed to language differentiation and convergence across centuries. Special attention is given to Latin and Old High German as foundational sources for the Romance and Germanic groups, respectively. The study also highlights the role of migration, trade, and Christianization in promoting lexical exchange and structural shifts within these linguistic domains.
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