INTEGRATING DIGITAL AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES INTO ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING IN TECHNICAL COLLEGES: A METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH
Abstract:The rapid development of digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed English language teaching by providing innovative opportunities for personalized, interactive, and learner-centered instruction. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a methodological approach to integrating digital and AI technologies into English language teaching in technical colleges. The study concludes that integrating digital and artificial intelligence technologies into English language teaching provides an effective methodological framework for improving vocational language education and preparing students for professional communication in the digital era.
Keywords: English language teaching, artificial intelligence, digital technologies, technical colleges, vocational education, English for Specific Purposes (ESP), communicative competence, digital learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SHOULD TRANSLATORS BE LOYAL TO THE TEXT OR TO SOCIETY?
Abstract. This article explores the debate over whether translators should be loyal to the source text or to society. It examines the ethical and practical responsibilities of translators in preserving the original message while meeting the cultural and social expectations of the target audience. The study argues that successful translation requires a balance between textual fidelity and social responsibility to ensure accurate, meaningful, and effective communication.
Keywords: translation ethics, translator loyalty, source text, society, fidelity, target audience, culture.
THE ROLE OF DIGITAL PLATFORMS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL LABOUR MARKET INFRASTRUCTURE
Abstract. This article examines the institutional, information-analytical and practical significance of digital employment platforms in the development of regional labour market infrastructure. The author analyses the differences between traditional employment services and digital platforms according to the criteria of speed, transparency, coverage, effectiveness and regional adaptability. The study substantiates that digital platforms should be considered not merely as technical tools connecting jobseekers and employers, but as infrastructural mechanisms that make it possible to monitor labour demand and supply in real time, identify mismatches in professional qualifications, provide targeted support for youth and women’s employment, reduce informal employment and evaluate the effectiveness of employment policy. At the end of the article, practical recommendations are developed for shaping a regional digital employment infrastructure model.
Keywords: regional labour market, employment infrastructure, digital platform, Unified National Labour System, ish.mehnat.uz, employment services, professional qualification, digital employment map.
PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR USING VR (VIRTUAL REALITY) TECHNOLOGIES IN TRAINING FUTURE ENGINEERS AND TECHNOLOGISTS
Abstract. This article examines the pedagogical conditions, methodological frameworks, and educational benefits of integrating Virtual Reality (VR) technologies into the training of future engineers and technology specialists. Within the context of modern technological education, the study analyzes how immersive 3D environments transform the acquisition of complex practical skills, spatial thinking, and professional competencies. Furthermore, the author highlights the essential pedagogical strategies required to prevent cognitive overload and optimize the efficiency of VR-based laboratories in higher pedagogical and technical institutions.
Keywords: Virtual Reality (VR), technology education, future engineers, pedagogical conditions, immersive learning, technical drawing, spatial reasoning, simulation, engineering graphics, EdTech.
THE IMPORTANCE OF DEVELOPING STUDENTS' INDEPENDENT LEARNING ACTIVITIES THROUGH MEDIA RESOURCES
Abstract: In leading educational institutions of the world, in particular in countries such as the USA, Australia, Germany, France, and Great Britain, great importance is being attached to increasing and improving the quality of teaching natural sciences to students based on media technologies, the integrated use of traditional and modern methods of teaching using media technologies, as well as the use of media educational resources in organizing independent learning of students.
Keywords: media education, media technology, resource, creativity, individualization, competence, component, accuracy, assessment, principle, symptom, pharmaceutical, principle, innovation.
SUN'IY INTELLEKT ASOSIDA KUTUBXONA-AXBOROT XIZMATLARINI MODERNIZATSIYA QILISH
Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada sun'iy intellekt texnologiyalarini kutubxona-axborot xizmatlariga joriy etishning nazariy va amaliy jihatlari tahlil qilingan. Zamonaviy kutubxonalarda sun'iy intellekt asosidagi texnologiyalardan foydalanish foydalanuvchilarga xizmat ko'rsatish sifatini oshirish, elektron axborot resurslaridan samarali foydalanish, bibliografik qidiruv jarayonlarini avtomatlashtirish hamda kutubxona faoliyatini raqamlashtirish imkoniyatlarini kengaytirishi yoritilgan. Shuningdek, chatbotlar, tavsiya tizimlari, matnni avtomatik tahlil qilish, raqamli fondlarni boshqarish va foydalanuvchilarga shaxsiylashtirilgan xizmatlarni tashkil etishning afzalliklari ilmiy asosda bayon etilgan. O'zbekiston kutubxonalari faoliyatida sun'iy intellektni qo'llash istiqbollari hamda mavjud muammolar tahlil qilinib, ularni bartaraf etish bo'yicha tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan.
Kalit so'zlar: sun'iy intellekt, kutubxona, axborot xizmati, raqamlashtirish, elektron kutubxona, chatbot, tavsiya tizimi, avtomatlashtirish, innovatsion texnologiyalar.
PRIORITY AREAS FOR EXPANDING EMPLOYMENT AND INCOME SOURCES IN POVERTY REDUCTION IN NAMANGAN REGION
Abstract: This article analyzes the territorial characteristics of poverty reduction in Namangan region in relation to the factors of expanding employment and income sources. The study substantiates the need to reduce poverty not only through social assistance, but also through permanent employment, vocational training, family entrepreneurship, the mahallabay system, and diversification of household income sources. The author proposes strengthening the institutional linkage among employment centers, mahalla institutions, vocational education, and small business infrastructure in order to move low-income households in Namangan region toward sustainable income generation.
Keywords: poverty, employment, income sources, Namangan region, mahallabay system, family entrepreneurship, vocational training, social protection.
HUQUQNI MUHOFAZA QILUVCHI ORGANLAR FAOLIYATIDA ZAMONAVIY TEXNOLOGIYALARDAN FOYDALANISHNING HUQUQIY ASOSLARI
Annotatsiya. Mazkur maqolada huquqni muhofaza qiluvchi organlar faoliyatida zamonaviy axborot-kommunikatsiya texnologiyalari, sun'iy intellekt tizimlari, videokuzatuv va raqamli identifikatsiya vositalaridan foydalanishning huquqiy asoslari tahlil qilinadi. Muallif tomonidan milliy qonunchilik normalari, xalqaro huquqiy hujjatlar va xorijiy davlatlar tajribasi qiyosiy tahlil qilingan holda, ushbu sohadagi huquqiy tartibga solishning mavjud muammolari aniqlangan hamda ularni bartaraf etish bo‘yicha takliflar ishlab chiqilgan. Tadqiqotda shaxsiy ma'lumotlarni himoya qilish, inson huquqlari va erkinliklariga rioya etish bilan texnologik yangiliklarni joriy etish o‘rtasidagi muvozanatni ta'minlash masalalariga alohida e'tibor qaratilgan.
Kalit so‘zlar: huquqni muhofaza qiluvchi organlar, zamonaviy texnologiyalar, huquqiy asos, sun'iy intellekt, raqamlashtirish, axborot xavfsizligi, shaxsiy ma'lumotlar, elektron hukumat, kiberjinoyatchilik, huquqiy tartibga solish.
SOG‘LOM TURMUSH TARZI VA JISMONIY TARBIYANING YOSHLAR RIVOJIDAGI O‘RNI
Hozirgi kunda jamiyat taraqqiyotining muhim ko‘rsatkichlaridan biri aholining, ayniqsa yosh avlodning sog‘lig‘i va jismoniy barkamolligi hisoblanadi. Zamonaviy hayot sur’atining tezlashishi, axborot texnologiyalarining kundalik turmushga chuqur kirib borishi, o‘quvchi va talabalarning kompyuter hamda mobil qurilmalar oldida uzoq vaqt o‘tirishi natijasida jismoniy faollik darajasi sezilarli darajada pasaymoqda. Bu holat esa o‘z navbatida yoshlar orasida gipodinamiya, ortiqcha vazn, nafas va yurak-qon tomir tizimi bilan bog‘liq muammolarning ko‘payishiga sabab bo‘lmoqda. Shu boisdan sog‘lom turmush tarzini shakllantirish va jismoniy tarbiyani ta’lim jarayonining ajralmas qismiga aylantirish dolzarb pedagogik-ijtimoiy vazifaga aylandi. Sog‘lom turmush tarzi tushunchasi faqat jismoniy mashqlar bilan shug‘ullanishni emas, balki to‘g‘ri ovqatlanish, kun tartibiga rioya qilish, yomon odatlardan voz kechish, ruhiy muvozanatni saqlash va atrof-muhitga ongli munosabatda bo‘lishni ham o‘z ichiga oladi. Yoshlarda ushbu ko‘nikmalarni shakllantirish oilada boshlanib, ta’lim muassasalarida davom ettirilishi va jamiyat tomonidan qo‘llab-quvvatlanishi lozim. Faqat shu tarzda kompleks yondashuv orqali barqaror natijaga erishish mumkin.
SPORT SOHASIDA GENDER TENGLIK, MUAMMO VA YECHIMLARI
Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada sport sohasida gender tengligini ta’minlash jarayonida raqamli media va ijtimoiy tarmoqlarning o‘rni ilmiy jihatdan tahlil qilingan. Sportchilarning ommaviy imiji, gender stereotiplar shakllanishi hamda ayollar sportining yoritilishi masalalari media kontekstida o‘rganilgan. Shuningdek, raqamli platformalar orqali gender tengligini rivojlantirishning zamonaviy mexanizmlari va istiqbollari ishlab chiqilgan.
Kalit so‘zlar: gender tengligi, raqamli media, ijtimoiy tarmoqlar, sport marketingi, OAV, sport imiji, inklyuziv kommunikatsiya.
SPORT ORQALI YOSHLARDA IRODA VA INTIZOM SIFATLARINI TARBIYALASH MASALALARI
Zamonaviy pedagogika fanida shaxsni har tomonlama barkamol qilib tarbiyalash masalasi doimo dolzarb bo‘lib kelgan. Bu jarayonda aqliy, axloqiy va estetik tarbiya bilan bir qatorda jismoniy tarbiya va sport ham muhim o‘rin egallaydi. Sport nafaqat tanani chiniqtirish vositasi, balki shaxsning irodaviy sifatlarini, intizomini, mas’uliyat hissini va jamoada ishlash ko‘nikmalarini shakllantiruvchi kuchli pedagogik omil hisoblanadi. Shu sababli sport tarbiyaviy vosita sifatida ta’lim-tarbiya tizimida alohida ahamiyat kasb etadi. Iroda — insonning o‘z xatti-harakatlarini ongli ravishda boshqarish, to‘siqlarni yengib o‘tish va qo‘yilgan maqsadga erishish qobiliyatidir. Sport mashg‘ulotlari, ayniqsa musobaqa sharoitida, o‘quvchi va talabani doimiy ravishda o‘z imkoniyatlari chegarasini sinab ko‘rishga, charchoq va qiyinchiliklarga qaramay mashqni davom ettirishga o‘rgatadi. Aynan shu jarayonda yoshlarda sabr-toqat, matonat va o‘z-o‘ziga ishonch kabi sifatlar tabiiy ravishda shakllanadi.
12-14-YOSHLI UZUNLIKKA SAKROVCHI QIZLARNING TEXNIK TAYYORGARLIGINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH
Annototsiya: Ushbu maqolada 12–14 yoshli uzunlikka sakrovchi qiz sportchilarning texnik tayyorgarligini rivojlantirishning asosiy jihatlari tahlil qilinadi. Uzunlikka sakrash texnikasining muhim bosqichlari — yugurib kelish, depsinish, uchish va tushish elementlari o‘rganiladi hamda yosh sportchilarni mashg‘ulot jarayonida texnik ko‘nikmalarini takomillashtirishga qaratilgan metodik tavsiyalar ishlab chiqiladi. Tadqiqot jarayonida kuzatish, test va taqqoslash usullaridan foydalanilgan. Natijalar texnik tayyorgarlikni ilmiy asoslangan metodika orqali samarali rivojlantirish mumkinligini ko‘rsatdi.
Kalit so‘zlar: yengil atletika, uzunlikka sakrash, texnik tayyorgarlik, uslubiyat, yosh sportchilar, jismoniy sifatlar.
Annotatsiya: Inson homiladorligining endokrinologiyasi ona va homila chegarasidagi fiziologik o‘zgarishlar natijasida yuzaga keladigan endokrin va metabolik o‘zgarishlarni o‘z ichiga oladi. Progesteron va estrogen, boshqa gormonlar bilan birgalikda, katta rol o‘ynaydi. Ushbu maqolada progestogen va boshqa gormonlardan foydalanishdagi qarama-qarshiliklar muhokama qilinadi. Progesteron Th2 sitokinlari sekretsiyasini rag‘batlantirib, Th1 sitokinlari sekretsiyasini kamaytirishi va shu orqali homiladorlikni saqlab turishi ko‘rsatilgan. Erta homiladorlik davridagi qo‘llab-quvvatlovchi davolash homiladorlik natijasiga sezilarli ijobiy ta’sir ko‘rsatadi. Yordamchi reproduktiv texnologiyalar (ART) sikllarining barchasida profilaktik gormonal qo‘shimcha terapiya tavsiya etilishi mumkin. Muddatidan oldingi tug‘ruqning oldini olish progestogenlar yordamida amalga oshirilishi mumkin. Dorining xavfsizlik va samaradorlik profilida homiladorlikning turli trimestrlarida uning qabul qilinish yo‘li muhim ahamiyatga ega. Qalqonsimon bez kasalliklari homiladorlik natijasiga katta ta’sir ko‘rsatadi va tegishlicha kuzatilishi hamda davolanishi lozim.
Kalit so‘zlar: Estrogen, gormonlar, progesteron, qalqonsimon bez.
WOMEN'S EDUCATION IN TURKISTAN DURING THE SOVIET PERIOD
Annotation: This article examines the transformation of women's education in Turkistan during the Soviet period, from the early Bolshevik reforms of the 1920s through the mass literacy and institution-building campaigns of the 1930s-1980s. Drawing on secondary historical scholarship, the article traces how Soviet policy combined coercive social engineering, most visibly the 1927 Hujum unveiling campaign, with genuine investments in schools, teacher training, and higher education for women. The discussion situates these reforms within the broader ideological project of creating a modern, secular, Soviet citizenry, while also acknowledging the resistance, violence, and unevenness that accompanied implementation, particularly in rural areas. The article argues that Soviet policy produced a paradoxical legacy: unprecedented gains in female literacy and professional access, achieved through methods that were often coercive and that subordinated women's emancipation to broader political goals. The findings are relevant for understanding contemporary debates on gender and education policy in independent Uzbekistan and the wider Central Asian region.
Key words: Turkistan, Soviet Central Asia, women's education, Hujum campaign, Zhenotdel, literacy campaign, Uzbekistan, gender policy, colonial modernity, Soviet historiography.
SUN'IY INTELLEKT TUSHUNCHASI VA UNING RIVOJLANISH BOSQICHLARI
Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada sun'iy intellekt texnologiyalarining ta'lim jarayonidagi o'rni, imkoniyatlari va samaradorligi ilmiy-nazariy jihatdan tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqotda sun'iy intellekt asosidagi adaptiv ta'lim tizimlari, virtual yordamchilar, avtomatlashtirilgan baholash vositalari hamda tabiiy tilni qayta ishlash texnologiyalarining o'quv jarayoniga ta'siri yoritilgan. Shuningdek, ushbu texnologiyalarning ta'lim sifatini oshirish, o'quvchilarga individual yondashuvni ta'minlash, o'qituvchilarning ish yukini kamaytirish va o'quv natijalarini samarali monitoring qilishdagi ahamiyati tahlil etilgan. Maqolada sun'iy intellektni ta'lim tizimiga joriy etishda yuzaga keladigan muammolar, jumladan, akademik halollik, ma'lumotlar xavfsizligi, raqamli tengsizlik va axloqiy masalalar ham ko'rib chiqilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari sun'iy intellekt texnologiyalaridan oqilona va mas'uliyatli foydalanish ta'lim samaradorligini oshirish, zamonaviy kompetensiyalarni rivojlantirish hamda raqamli ta'lim muhitini takomillashtirishga xizmat qilishini ko'rsatadi.
Kalit so'zlar: sun'iy intellekt, ta'lim, ta'lim texnologiyalari, raqamli ta'lim, adaptiv ta'lim, avtomatlashtirilgan baholash, ta'lim samaradorligi.
TA'LIMDA YANGILIKLARNI JORIY ETISHDA YOSH PEDAGOGLARNING ROLI
Annotatsiya: Ushbu tadqiqot yosh pedagoglarning maktabgacha ta'limda innovatsion pedagogik texnologiyalarni qo‘llashdagi rolini o‘rganadi. Kirish qismida zamonaviy o‘qitish usullari va texnologiyalarini ta'lim sifatini oshirishda qo‘llash zarurligi ta'kidlanadi. Biroq, yosh pedagoglar tomonidan innovatsiyalarni qo‘llashdagi aniq qiyinchiliklar haqida bilim bo‘shliqlari mavjud. Tadqiqot metodologiyasi sifatida so‘rovnoma va intervyu usullari qo‘llanib, yosh pedagoglarning yangi pedagogik texnologiyalarni qabul qilishdagi faoliyati o‘rganildi. Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, yosh pedagoglar innovatsion usullarni qo‘llashda yuqori motivatsiyaga ega bo‘lsalar-da, ba'zi texnik va resurslarga oid to‘siqlar mavjud. Tadqiqot natijalari yosh pedagoglarni qo‘llab-quvvatlash uchun malaka oshirish kurslarini tashkil etish zarurligini ta'kidlaydi.
Keywords: Innovatsiyalar, Yosh pedagoglar, Pedagogik texnologiyalar, Maktabgacha ta'lim, Professional rivojlanish
ORGANIK MAHSULOTNING SOG'LIQ UCHUN TA'SIRI
Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada organik mahsulotlarning inson salomatligi uchun o‘rni va ijobiy ta’siri chuqur hamda keng qamrovda tahlil etiladi. Organik mahsulotlar atrof-muhit hamda inson organizmi uchun tabiiy, zararli qo‘shimchalarsiz va ekologik toza oziq-ovqat manbai hisoblanadi. Ushbu maqolada organik mahsulotlar yetishtirishning asosiy tamoyillari, ularning tarkibiy xususiyatlari, kimyoviy pestitsid va sun’iy o‘g‘itlar bilan yetishtiriladigan an’anaviy mahsulotlardan asosiy farqlari, hamda inson salomatligiga ta’siri tibbiy, biologik va ekologik nuqtai nazardan ochib beriladi. Maqola yakunida organik mahsulotlarning jamiyat, ayrim toifa insonlari sog‘lig‘i uchun foydalari asosida xulosa chiqiladi.
Kalit so‘zlar: Organik mahsulot, ekologik toza oziqlanish, salomatlik, pestitsid, sun’iy o‘g‘itlar, ekologik xavfsizlik, tabiiy vitaminlar, antioksidantlar, immunitet, profilaktika.
DUKKAKLI O'SIMLIKLARNING INSON ORGANIZMGA FOYDALARI
Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada dukkakli o‘simliklarning inson organizmi uchun tutgan o‘rni va foydali xususiyatlari keng va har taraflama ko‘rib chiqiladi. Dukkaklilar nafaqat to‘liq oqsil, temir, vitamin va tolalar manbai sifatida, balki salomatlikni mustahkamlovchi, yurak-qon tomir tizimini himoyalovchi, ichak harakatini yaxshilovchi, xolesterin va qand miqdorini pasaytiruvchi, turli kasalliklarning oldini oluvchi tabiiy mahsulotlar sifatida ham tasvirlanadi. Shuningdek, maqolada dukkakli o‘simliklarning atrof-muhitga va inson hayotining har bir bosqichiga foydalari, ularni ratsionga kiritish bo‘yicha tavsiyalarga alohida e’tibor qaratiladi.
Kalit so‘zlar: Dukkakli o‘simliklar, salomatlik, fitooziqlanish, oqsil, yurak-qon tomir tizimi, hazm qilish, tolalar, qandli diabet, profilaktika, vegetarian ovqatlanish
LALMIKOR DEHQONCHILIKNING ASOSIY XUSUSIYATLARI
Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada lalmikor dehqonchilikning asosiy xususiyatlari, uning tabiatga moslashuvi, agrobiosfera va tuproq unumdorligiga ta’siri hamda qishloq xo‘jaligida tutgan o‘rni keng ko‘rib chiqilgan. Lalmikor dehqonchilik hududlaridagi ekinlar uchun qulay agrotexnologik sharoitlar yaratishning ilmiy-amaliy jihatlari, yer va suv resurslaridan oqilona foydalanish tamoyillari tahlil etilgan. Shu bilan birga, resurslarni tejash, muhitga moslashish va ekologik muvozanatni saqlash usullari haqida fikr yuritiladi.
Kalit so‘zlar: Lalmikor dehqonchilik, tabiatga moslashuv, agrotexnologiya, tuproq unumdorligi, qurg‘oqchilik, suv rejimi, melioratsiya, biologik xilma-xillik.
WATER SECURITY, TRANSBOUNDARY COOPERATION, AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN UZBEKISTAN
Abstract. Water has become one of the central strategic issues in Uzbekistan’s development model. The country’s economy and food system depend heavily on irrigated agriculture, while climate change, ageing irrigation infrastructure, salinization, and upstream-downstream tensions increasingly shape the availability and governance of water resources. The World Bank notes that Uzbekistan’s irrigation infrastructure is old and in need of modernization, with 97% of cultivated land under irrigation and more than 99% of irrigation still based on flood irrigation, while drip irrigation remains below 1%. At the same time, recent climate assessments show that water availability in the Amu Darya basin is being altered by glacier and snowmelt changes, droughts, flooding, rising temperatures, and the related risks of salinization, erosion, and reduced agricultural productivity. This paper argues that water security in Uzbekistan cannot be separated from transboundary cooperation and agricultural reform. Uzbekistan’s recent steps, including bilateral monitoring stations on transboundary canals, water meters with neighboring states, and ecosystem restoration projects in the Aral Sea region, indicate a gradual move toward more cooperative and data-driven water governance. The core conclusion is that sustainable agriculture in Uzbekistan will depend on three linked transformations: more efficient water use, stronger regional water diplomacy, and climate-resilient farming systems.
Key Words. Water security, transboundary rivers, Uzbekistan, Amu Darya, Syr Darya, irrigation efficiency, sustainable agriculture, climate resilience, Aral Sea region, regional cooperation.
MIGRATION, REFUGEE PROTECTION, AND INTERNATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Abstract. Migration and forced displacement have become defining features of the 21st century. According to UNHCR, the scale of forced displacement has reached historic levels, while the burden of refugee protection remains concentrated in neighboring and often low- and middle-income states. This situation has made international responsibility-sharing a central legal and political issue. Refugee protection is grounded in the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol, which remain the cornerstone of the international protection regime and establish the principle of non-refoulement. At the same time, the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration and the Global Compact on Refugees reflect a broader international effort to manage mobility, protect rights, and distribute responsibility more fairly among states. This paper examines the legal distinction between migration and refugeehood, the obligations of states under international law, and the continuing gap between legal norms and practical implementation. It argues that effective refugee protection in the contemporary era requires stronger burden-sharing, greater support for host states, and renewed commitment to human dignity, lawful asylum procedures, and durable solutions.
Key Words. Migration, refugees, non-refoulement, asylum, international responsibility, burden-sharing, human rights, Global Compact on Refugees, Global Compact for Migration, international protection.
GREEN ECONOMY TRANSITION AND LOW-CARBON DEVELOPMENT IN UZBEKISTAN
Abstract. Uzbekistan’s green economy transition is no longer a peripheral environmental policy; it has become a central development strategy tied to energy security, water stress, industrial modernization, and long-term economic resilience. The government has officially declared 2025 the “Year of Environmental Protection and Green Economy,” and the President has stated that Uzbekistan has developed a long-term Low-Carbon Development Strategy and a National Green Finance Program, with a goal of increasing the share of green components in investment projects to 50 percent over the next five years. Uzbekistan’s 2019–2030 green economy strategy is aimed at improving energy efficiency, conserving natural resources, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, expanding access to green energy, creating green jobs, and strengthening climate resilience. This agenda is reinforced by the country’s updated Nationally Determined Contribution, aligned with New Uzbekistan 2030 and long-term green transition goals. At the same time, Uzbekistan faces severe climate and resource pressures: water stress is high, agriculture accounts for 92 percent of water consumption, and land degradation is estimated to cost about 4.6 percent of GDP. This paper argues that Uzbekistan’s green transition is best understood as a structural transformation agenda rather than a narrow environmental reform, and that its success will depend on financing, institutional capacity, sectoral reform, and social inclusion.
Key Words. Green economy, low-carbon development, Uzbekistan, energy transition, climate resilience, water security, green finance, renewable energy, just transition, sustainable development.
CYBERSECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL LAW: LEGAL MECHANISMS FOR RESPONDING TO CROSS-BORDER CYBER THREATS
Abstract. Cyber threats have become one of the most significant global security challenges of the digital era. Cyberattacks can disrupt critical infrastructure, steal sensitive data, manipulate information systems, and threaten national security. Unlike traditional forms of aggression, cyber operations often cross borders instantly and anonymously, making attribution, jurisdiction, and legal response difficult. This thesis explores how international law addresses cybersecurity and whether existing legal mechanisms are sufficient for dealing with cross-border cyber threats.
Keywords. Cybersecurity, international law, cyber threats, sovereignty, attribution, due diligence, cross-border crime.
O`QUVCHILAR PORTFELI ASOSIDA KOMPETENSIYALAR MONITORING TIZIMI
Annotatsiya. Mazkur maqolada o`quvchilar portfeli asosida kompetensiyalar monitoring tizimini joriy etishning nazariy va metodik asoslari yoritilgan. Portfel texnologiyasida o`quvchilarning bilim, ko`nikma va malakalarini baholashdagi ahamiyati tahlil qilindi.Tadqiqotda kompetensiyaviy yondashuv asosida ta`lim sifatini oshirish hamda o`quvchilarning individual rivojlanishini monitoring qilish masalalariga alohida e`tibor qaratilgan.
Kalit so‘zlar: kompetensiya, monitoring, o`quvchi portfeli, kompetensiyaviy yondashuv, ta`lim sifati, baholash tizimi.
АУТЕНТИЧНЫЙ ВИДЕОКОНТЕНТ В ОБУЧЕНИИ ЯПОНСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ: СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ И МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ
Аннотация: В статье представлен анализ современных исследований японских ученых, посвященных использованию аутентичного видеоконтента в обучении японскому языку как иностранному. Рассматривается дидактический потенциал фильмов, телевизионных программ, новостных сюжетов, аниме и других аудиовизуальных материалов как средств формирования коммуникативной, речевой и социокультурной компетенций обучающихся. На основе анализа научных публикаций выявлены основные направления использования видеоконтента в современной японской методике обучения, а также рассмотрены существующие методические проблемы, связанные с его интеграцией в образовательный процесс.
Ключевые слова: японский язык; аутентичный видеоконтент, методика обучения иностранным языкам, коммуникативная компетенция, речевая компетенция, социокультурная компетенция, collaborative learning, речевой output.
AQILLI (SMART) KO‘ZOYNAKLARNING BIOFIZIK VA TEXNOLOGIK JIHATLARI
Annotatsiya: Aqlli (Smart) ko‘zoynaklar zamonaviy optika, biofizika, mikroelektronika, sun’iy intellekt va kengaytirilgan reallik texnologiyalarining integratsiyasi asosida yaratilgan innovatsion qurilmalar hisoblanadi. Ushbu maqolada smart ko‘zoynaklarning biofizik va texnologik jihatlari, ularning optik ishlash prinsiplari, inson ko‘rish tizimi bilan o‘zaro ta’siri hamda tibbiyotdagi qo‘llanilish istiqbollari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot davomida xalqaro ilmiy jurnallarda chop etilgan maqolalar va sistematik sharhlar o‘rganildi. Natijalar smart ko‘zoynaklarning jarrohlik amaliyoti, telemeditsina, tibbiy ta’lim va diagnostikada yuqori samaradorlikka ega ekanligini ko‘rsatdi. Shu bilan birga, vergensiya-akkomodatsiya konflikti, ko‘z charchashi va maxfiylik bilan bog‘liq muammolar ham aniqlandi. Kelajakda sun’iy intellekt, golografik optik tizimlar va mikroLED displeylar rivojlanishi ushbu texnologiyaning imkoniyatlarini yanada kengaytirishi kutilmoqda.
Kalit so‘zlar: Smart Glasses, Augmented Reality, biofizika, optika, waveguide, sun’iy intellekt, tibbiyot, Google Glass, HoloLens.
AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION IN THE ERA OF STREAMING PLATFORMS
Abstract. The rise of streaming platforms such as Netflix and Disney+ has increased the demand for audiovisual translation (AVT). Subtitling, dubbing, and localization help make digital content accessible to global audiences. This paper explores the impact of streaming services on translation practices, focusing on translation quality, cultural adaptation, and technological developments. The study highlights both the opportunities and challenges of AVT in the digital era and emphasizes the continuing importance of human translators.
Keywords: audiovisual translation, streaming platforms, subtitling, dubbing, localization, translation quality, cultural adaptation, digital media.
PARAMETRLI KVADRAT TENGLAMALAR VA ULARNI YECHISH USULLARI
Annotatsiya: Biz kvadrat tenglamalarni yechishning 4 ta usuli, ya’ni to’la kvadratga ajratish, ko’patuvchilarga ajratish, Viyet teoremasi va Diskriminant orqali topishni o’rganganmiz. Endi parametrli kvadrat tenglamalar va ularni yechishni, misollarda qo’llanilishini ko’rib o’tamiz. Bu maqolada parametrli kvadrat tenglamalarni yechishning bir nechta qulay usullari berib o’tilgan.
Tayanch so’zlar: Kvadrat tenglama, diskriminant, keltirilgan kvadrat tenglama, Viyet teoremasi.
OPERATSIYADAN KEYINGI BEMORLARDA YOTOQ YARALARINI OLDINI OLISH
Annotatsiya. Ushbu maqolada operatsiyadan keyingi bemorlarda yotoq yaralarining kelib chiqish sabablari, xavf omillari, klinik belgilari hamda ularni oldini olishning zamonaviy usullari yoritilgan. Shuningdek, hamshiralik parvarishining o‘rni, bemorning holatini muntazam nazorat qilish, teri gigiyenasini ta’minlash, to‘g‘ri ovqatlantirish va maxsus profilaktik vositalardan foydalanishning ahamiyati tahlil qilingan. Operatsiyadan keyingi davrda profilaktik tadbirlarni o‘z vaqtida amalga oshirish bemorning tezroq sog‘ayishi, asoratlarning kamayishi va hayot sifatining yaxshilanishiga xizmat qilishi ta’kidlangan.
Kalit so‘zlar: operatsiyadan keyingi davr, yotoq yarasi, dekubital yara, hamshiralik parvarishi, profilaktika, teri gigiyenasi, ovqatlanish, bemor holatini o‘zgartirish, reabilitatsiya.
IRSIY KASALLIKLARNING INSON SALOMATLIGIGA TA'SIRI VA ULARNI ERTA ANIQLASHNING TIBBIY HAMDA IJTIMOIY AHAMIYATI
Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada irsiy kasalliklarning inson salomatligiga ko‘rsatayotgan salbiy ta’siri, ularning zamonaviy tibbiyotdagi o‘rni tahlil qilinadi. Irsiy patologiyalarni erta aniqlash (skrining) dasturlarining tibbiy va ijtimoiy samaradorligi yoritiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, profilaktik choralar hamda genetik diagnostika bemorlar hayot sifatini yaxshilash va davlat sog‘liqni saqlash tizimidagi xarajatlarni qisqartirishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi.
Kalit so‘zlar: irsiy kasalliklar, genetik skrining, profilaktika, tibbiy genetika, sog‘liqni saqlash, erta diagnostika.